*blog.lib.umn.edu |
The human mouth is a community bustling with microorganisms
that live there. Little knowledge exists about what factors control which types
that live there and which don't. In a new study published in Genome Research,
investigators have discovered environment has a more controlling stance on
determining oral microbiota, an extremely important finding in the field of
oral health.
The oral microbiome starts forming as soon as a person is
born. We see a plethora of bacteria brought into our mouth during childhood and
as an adult, although little knowledge is known about whether nature (genes),
or nurture (environment) has a more powerful influence.
Due to differences in the oral microbiome in health and
diseases such as bacteremia and endicarditis, there is a need for a better
understanding of the factors that effect oral microbiota communities, in order
for more efficient prevention and treatment plans.
During this study, the researchers sequenced the microbial
DNA found in saliva samples of a group of twins, and then paired the DNA
sequences in a database to see which types of bacteria existed in each
individual.
Comparing the salivary microbiomes of identical twins with
the same genetic make-up and a common environment, the scientists found that
their salivary microbiomes were not notably more similar than those of
fraternal twins who only share half the genes. Surprisingly, this finding
points to the idea that genetic relatedness is not such an important role.
"We were also intrigued to see that the microbiota of
twin pairs becomes less similar once they moved apart from each other,"
added Simone Stahringer, first author of the study.
It was also seen from samples over time that the salivary
microbiome changed the most during adolescence, suggesting behavioral changes
or puberty may have a significant influence.
The researchers also uncovered another surprising find, that
there is a fundamental community of bacteria that exists in all humans.
Ken Krauter, senior author of the study, explains:
"Though there are definitely differences among
different people, there is a relatively high degree of sharing similar
microbial species in all human mouths."
The authors believe that this study has provided a framework
for future studies of the factors that control oral microbial communities. With
this knowledge, people can now better understand how oral hygiene,
environmental subjection to substances, methamphetamines, and even food can
impact these microbes.
Article from: Kelly Fitzgerald, Medical News Today
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